{"id":693,"date":"2025-10-08T09:38:16","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T09:38:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/embedai.cloud\/?p=693"},"modified":"2025-10-08T09:38:26","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T09:38:26","slug":"huong-dan-cham-soc-cay-cacao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/supelamthao.vn\/?p=693","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y cacao"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ca cao – t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n ca cao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Cacao (Theobroma cacao) thu\u1ed9c chi Theobroma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n h\u1ecd Sterculioideae c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ea9m qu\u1ef3 Malvaceae. Cacao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 22 lo\u00e0i Theobroma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ean chung c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n”; t\u1eeb \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (theos), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “th\u1ea7n”, v\u00e0 \u03b2\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bc\u03b1 (broma), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m”. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cacao b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Mesoamerican. Cacao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kakaw \u1edf Tzeltal, K’iche ‘v\u00e0 Classic Maya; kagaw \u1edf Sayula Popoluca; v\u00e0 cacahuatl \u1edf Nahuatl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoa ca cao.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cupua\u00e7u, Theobroma grandiflorum, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Brazil, Colombia, Peru v\u00e0 Bolivia. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 cacao, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la cupulate ho\u1eb7c cupua\u00e7u. [9] Cupua\u00e7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n cho c\u00e2y ca cao<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y ca cao<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2y. C\u00e2y ca cao c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111a, trung v\u00e0 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c th\u1eeba m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i do r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i v\u00e0 do c\u00e2y l\u1ea5y \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y. C\u00e2y ca cao l\u00e0 c\u00e2y h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 kali cao nh\u1ea5t (B\u1ea3ng 1, b\u1ea3ng 2. Nhu c\u1ea7u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y t\u0103ng theo tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. Ca cao thu b\u00f3i c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao h\u01a1n c\u00e2y ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e2y trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m. Ca cao kinh doanh c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ca cao m\u1edbi thu b\u00f3i. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ca cao c\u00e0ng cao, c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u00f3n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n h\u01a1n (B\u1ea3ng 3 v\u00e0 4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (kg) c\u00e2y l\u1ea5y \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra 1000 kg h\u1ea1t ca cao kh\u00f4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/strong><\/td>N<\/strong><\/td>P<\/strong><\/td>K<\/strong><\/td>Ca<\/strong><\/td>Mg<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
H\u1ea1tV\u1ecf<\/td>21,314,5<\/td>4,01,8<\/td>9,563<\/td>16<\/td>33.1<\/td><\/tr>
T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/td>35,8<\/strong><\/td>5,8<\/strong><\/td>72,5<\/strong><\/td>7<\/strong><\/td>6,1<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (kg) c\u00e2y l\u1ea5y \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra 1000 kg h\u1ea1t ca cao kh\u00f4 (d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/td>Urea<\/strong><\/td>Super l\u00e2n<\/strong><\/td>Sunlphate kali<\/strong><\/td>NPK<\/strong><\/td>V\u00f4i<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
H\u1ea1tV\u1ecf<\/td>46,331,5<\/td>114,551,5<\/td>45,8303,7<\/td>206,2386,8<\/td>2,515<\/td><\/tr>
T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/td>77,8<\/strong><\/td>166,1<\/strong><\/td>349,5<\/strong><\/td>593,4<\/strong><\/td>17,5<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 N, P, K v\u00e0 S \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ca cao:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110\u1ea1m (N):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdc l\u00e1 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y ca cao c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1m trong \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i c\u0169ng v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea1m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra quanh n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ Thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1m:<\/strong> L\u00e1 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh v\u00e0ng hay xanh no\u00e3n chu\u1ed1i. Thi\u1ebfu n\u1eb7ng l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1m c\u00e2y c\u1ea7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1m c\u00e2y \u00edt tr\u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– L\u00e2n (P):<\/strong> Ca cao c\u1ea7n l\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt. D\u1ea1ng l\u00e2n d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau trong \u0111\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh do c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t chua. N\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf. C\u1ea7n b\u00f3n l\u00f3t ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n trong h\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e2y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ Thi\u1ebfu l\u00e2n<\/strong>: L\u00e1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u x\u1ec9n, m\u00e9p l\u00e1 non \u1eedng \u0111\u1ecf, thi\u1ebfu n\u1eb7ng l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Kali (K):<\/strong> Kali r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi c\u00e2y ra tr\u00e1i, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kali trong tr\u00e1i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. B\u00f3n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u00e2n kali r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u K s\u1ebd c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p thu Ca v\u00e0 Mg. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n b\u00f3n Ca v\u00e0 Mg nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3n K. Kali l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh. Kali t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e2y c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc, \u00edt \u0111\u1ed5 ng\u00e3, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u00fang, ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ecbu r\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ Thi\u1ebfu K:<\/strong> M\u00e9p l\u00e1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng cam sau t\u1edbi m\u00e0u x\u00e1m n\u00e2u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4, l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S):<\/strong> Thi\u1ebfu S, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e1 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean l\u00e1 gi\u00e0. \u1ede l\u00e1 non, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf l\u00e1 gi\u00e0. L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f3n th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n SA (ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 24 % S); ph\u00e2n Super l\u00e2n (Super l\u00e2n ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 14 % S).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ngo\u00e0i ra, thi\u1ebfu magi\u00ea:<\/strong> ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecbt l\u00e1 b\u1ecb v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 lan d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb g\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ra m\u00e9p l\u00e1; thi\u1ebfu canxi: l\u00e1 h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng t\u1eeb r\u00eca l\u00e1 sau lan v\u00e0o g\u00e2n ch\u00ednh; thi\u1ebfu k\u1ebdm: c\u00e1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t (r\u1ee5t \u0111\u1ecdt), l\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1edf l\u1edbn. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebfu k\u1ebdm c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ca cao n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y ca cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/td>Th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (kg\/ha\/n\u0103m)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
N<\/td>P2<\/sub>O5<\/sub><\/td>K2<\/sub>O<\/td>MgO<\/td>CaO<\/td><\/tr>
V\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m<\/td>5 – 12<\/td>2,5<\/td>1,4<\/td>30<\/td>1,9<\/td>0,04<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e2y con<\/td>28<\/td>140<\/td>33<\/td>188<\/td>80<\/td>4,0<\/td><\/tr>
Thu b\u00f3i<\/td>39<\/td>219<\/td>54<\/td>400<\/td>122<\/td>7,3<\/td><\/tr>
Kinh doanh<\/td>50 – 87<\/td>543<\/td>114<\/td>788<\/td>221<\/td>7,0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 Dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e2y cao cao m\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1ng sau tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/td>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y (g)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Urea<\/td>Super l\u00e2n<\/td>Sulphat kali<\/td>T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1<\/td><\/tr>
1<\/td>13,9<\/td>40<\/td>12,8<\/td>66,7<\/td><\/tr>
4<\/td>18,4<\/td>53,1<\/td>17<\/td>88,6<\/td><\/tr>
8<\/td>18,4<\/td>53,1<\/td>17<\/td>88,6<\/td><\/tr>
12<\/td>27,8<\/td>80<\/td>25,6<\/td>133,4<\/td><\/tr>
18<\/td>36,9<\/td>106,2<\/td>34<\/td>177,2<\/td><\/tr>
24<\/td>59,3<\/td>170,6<\/td>77<\/td>306,9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n supe L\u00e2m thao cho c\u00e2y ca cao<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NPK-S………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NPK-S………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NPK-S………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong> D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n b\u00f3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n