{"id":1322,"date":"2025-10-31T01:18:06","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T01:18:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/embedai.cloud\/?p=1322"},"modified":"2025-12-30T01:14:25","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T01:14:25","slug":"ky-thuat-vuon-uom-va-cac-phuong-phap-nhan-giong-cay-an-qua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/supelamthao.vn\/?p=1322","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu cao ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I- K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT V\u01af\u1edcN \u01af\u01a0M C\u00c2Y \u0102N QU\u1ea2\"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu cao ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn nh\u01b0: gi\u00e1 r\u00e9t, s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khu \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 5o v\u00e0 ti\u00eau tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u1ed1t, t\u1ea7ng canh t\u00e1c d\u1ea7y, m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi: c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng trong n\u0103m, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng, g\u1ea7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu\u1ef3 theo nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh 2 lo\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– V\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh: l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 2 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n nhanh, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– V\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi: l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng. V\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ed1ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2. Quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Khu c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai khu v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– V\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gh\u00e9p: l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng cho v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m nh\u01b0 c\u00e0nh chi\u1ebft, c\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p; v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed3ng 3-5*3-5 (m) v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– V\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p: l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ea1t (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m) l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p; v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u1ed3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Khu nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu\u1ef3 theo quy m\u00f4, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia khu nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh 5 khu nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Khu gi\u00e2m c\u00e0nh: nh\u00e0 gi\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1i che m\u01b0a, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1eddng bao xung quanh, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbi \u1edf d\u1ea1ng phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng; trong nh\u00e0 gi\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Khu gi\u00e2m l\u1ea1i c\u00e0nh chi\u1ebft: khu gi\u00e2m l\u1ea1i c\u00e0nh chi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1i che, v\u00e1ch che b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng; \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Khu gieo \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p: khu gieo c\u00e2y \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u00e1i; \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gieo c\u00e2y \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi nh\u1eb9, t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khu gieo \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 che s\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Khu ra ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2y g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra ng\u00f4i gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng gieo h\u1ea1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo \u01b0\u01a1m ho\u1eb7c ra ng\u00f4i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea1i khu n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng trong t\u00fai b\u1ea7u poly\u00eatylen ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m b\u1ea7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra ng\u00f4i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Khu \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e2y con tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn: l\u00e0 khu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eb1m hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng th\u00edch nghi d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u1ed3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3. Quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 quy ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khu nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng. Tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 khu nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khu: khu gieo \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, khu ra ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng, khu \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e2y v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e2y con tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gh\u00e9p, h\u1ea1t g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II- C\u00c1C PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P NH\u00c2N GI\u1ed0NG C\u00c2Y \u0102N QU\u1ea2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1eefu t\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1eefu t\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y con th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mu\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n t\u00e1n cao, g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thu h\u00e1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gieo h\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gieo h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c lai t\u1ea1o ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Nh\u1eefng\u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa \u00fd khi nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t ch\u00edn sinh l\u00fd s\u1edbm, n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m ngay trong h\u1ea1t (h\u1ea1t m\u00edt, h\u1ea1t b\u01b0\u1edfi); m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t, b\u00f3c b\u1ecf v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gieo (h\u1ea1t xo\u00e0i, h\u1ea1t m\u1eadn) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t khi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e2u s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m (h\u1ea1t nh\u00e3n, h\u1ea1t v\u1ea3i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh cho h\u1ea1t n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m t\u1ed1t: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 cao, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o 70 – 80% \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m b\u00e3o ho\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t gieo h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3i t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p, tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc: ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kho\u1ebb, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t; ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n; ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng; ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t to, m\u1ea9y, c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y con to, kho\u1ebb, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gieo h\u1ea1t l\u00e0m c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gieo \u01b0\u01a1m h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ \u0110\u1ea5t gieo h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0y b\u1eeba k\u1ef9, b\u00f3n l\u00f3t 50 – 70 kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai m\u1ee5c + 0,5 – 0,7 kg supe l\u00e2n\/100m2 v\u00e0 l\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed1ng cao 10 – 15 cm, m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng 0,8 – 1,0 m, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lu\u1ed1ng 40 – 50 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ H\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c theo h\u1ed1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3, gieo \u01b0\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y ra ng\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c gieo tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1ea5p h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 1 – 3 cm tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gieo v\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 \u0111em gieo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ C\u00e1c kh\u00e2u ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u01b0: t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eef \u1ea9m, nh\u1ed5 c\u1ecf, x\u1edbi x\u00e1o ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng, b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. B\u00f3n th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng pha lo\u00e3ng 1\/10 – 1\/15 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n v\u00f4 c\u01a1 pha lo\u00e3ng 1%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gieo \u01b0\u01a1m h\u1ea1t trong b\u1ea7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gieo \u01b0\u01a1m h\u1ea1t trong t\u00fai b\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 gieo \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p cho nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p. H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o t\u00fai b\u1ea7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c gieo v\u00e0o t\u00fai b\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ra ng\u00f4i sau. H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee7 cho n\u1ee9t nanh m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gieo. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1ea7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t + ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai m\u1ee5c v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 1 m3 \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t + 200 – 300 kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai m\u1ee5c + 10 – 15 kg supe l\u00e2n. C\u00e1c kh\u00e2u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gieo \u01b0\u01a1m h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft c\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 sau khi ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khoanh v\u1ecf, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i sinh trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u01b0 auxin, cytokinin khi g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00ec d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc th\u1ee7ng bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec \u0111\u00e2m ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft c\u00e0nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e2y s\u1edbm ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u1eddi gian nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nhanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e0nh chi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 thu ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft c\u00e0nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng cao, chi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3, d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft c\u00e0nh cho t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ra r\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e0nh chi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kho\u1ebb, c\u00e2y c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1eeb 1 – 2 cm \u1edf t\u1ea7ng t\u00e1n gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 ph\u01a1i ra ngo\u00e0i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn c\u00e0nh na, c\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u00f9ng dao c\u1eaft khoanh v\u1ecf v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i khoanh v\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng 1,5 – 2 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh g\u1ed1c c\u00e0nh. Sau khi b\u00f3c l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i, d\u00f9ng dao c\u1ea1o s\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi khoanh v\u1ecf1 – 2 ng\u00e0yth\u00ec ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u00f3 b\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ea5t b\u00f3 b\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m 2\/3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00f9n ao ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4, \u0111\u1eadp nh\u1ecf + 1\/3 l\u00e0 m\u00f9n c\u01b0a, r\u01a1m r\u00e1c m\u1ee5c, x\u01a1 d\u1eeba… t\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea9m, b\u1ecdc b\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y poty\u00eatylen v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c k\u00edn hai \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1t m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau 60 – 90 ng\u00e0y, tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebft, c\u00e0nh chi\u1ebft r\u1ec5. Khi c\u00e0nh chi\u1ebft c\u00f3 r\u1ec5 ng\u1eafn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng ng\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft c\u00e0nh chi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebft th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 thu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e2m c\u00e0nh.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e2m c\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. C\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft c\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e2m c\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng sau tr\u1ed3ng s\u1edbm ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u1eddi gian nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nhanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng kho ra r\u1ec5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9  v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong nh\u00e0 gi\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y c\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m khi c\u00e2y b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 g\u1ed7 m\u1ec1m, kh\u00f4ng r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y c\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u00f9a sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ec1n gi\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1t kh\u00f4, than b\u00f9n, x\u01a1 d\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00e2m c\u00e0nh, th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gi\u00e2m, ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u1edf gi\u1eefa t\u1ea7ng t\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e0nh chi\u1ebft, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i hom gi\u00e2m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb 15 – 20 cm. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m l\u1ea5y v\u00e0o m\u00f9a sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean hom gi\u00e2m t\u1eeb 2 – 4 l\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ra r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00fang ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c hom gi\u00e2m v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0: a NAA, IBA, IAA \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 2000 – 4000 ppm trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c hom gi\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 20 – 40 ppm trong th\u1eddi gian 10 – 20 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi gi\u00e2m c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1edf d\u1ea1ng phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tho\u00e1t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1. Khi c\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t l\u1ed9c m\u1edbi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ec5  th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ra ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb gi\u00e2m cho t\u1edbi khi c\u00f3 r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 l\u1ed9c m\u1edbi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong nh\u00e0 gi\u00e2m, khi ra ng\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c ra ng\u00f4i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3. Nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 khi gh\u00e9p, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m cho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u00e2n gh\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0m cho m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e2y gh\u00e9p sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e2y gh\u00e9p gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng cao, trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p s\u1edbm cho ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn nh\u01b0: ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ecbu \u00fang, ch\u1ecbu r\u00e9t v\u00e0 s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u00f4ng qua g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00f3kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, duy tr\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng qu\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p nh\u01b0: gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i c\u1ea7u hay gh\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp r\u1ec5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kho\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi th\u00e2n c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh, d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng, \u00edt m\u1ecdc m\u1ea7m ph\u1ee5 \u1edf g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y con.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gh\u00e9p s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gh\u00e9p: sau khi ra ng\u00f4i c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gh\u00e9p. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gh\u00e9p 1 – 2 tu\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1ec7 sinh v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ef1a, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e0nh, m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p t\u1ed1t: c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u1eddn chuy\u00ean l\u1ea5y c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean v\u01b0\u1eddn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n. C\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u1edf gi\u1eefa t\u1ea7ng t\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. Tu\u1ed5i c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gh\u00e9p kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i xa, c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m, tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ch\u1ecdn th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gh\u00e9p t\u1ed1t: trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 thu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Thao t\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gh\u00e9p: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gh\u00e9p. C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c gh\u00e9p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhanh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con sau khi gh\u00e9p: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb m\u1edf d\u00e2y sau gh\u00e9p, x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u1ecdn g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, t\u1ec9a m\u1ea7m d\u1ea1i, t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m c\u1ecf, b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p cho t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ Tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 gh\u00e9p m\u1eaft v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p c\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p m\u1eaft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p m\u1eaft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 b\u00f3c v\u1ecf, c\u00f3 th\u00e2n c\u00e0nh d\u1ec5 l\u1ea5y m\u1eaft, m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 25 – 30 cm, ch\u1ecdn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea7m ng\u1ee7, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1edf v\u1ebft gh\u00e9p c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u00f3c b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n v\u1ecf. Tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p, ch\u1ecdn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u1ea7m ng\u1ee7, c\u1eaft m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n khoanh v\u1ecf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ea7m ng\u1ee7 v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u1ebft m\u1edf tr\u00ean g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p. \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y nilon cu\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i, l\u01b0u \u00fd cu\u1ed1n k\u00edn d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2y gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau gh\u00e9p 15 – 20 ng\u00e0y tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1edfi d\u00e2y gh\u00e9p. N\u1ebfu m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p c\u00f2n xanh th\u00ec sau 2 – 3 ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con sau khi gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p m\u1eaft nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 g\u1ed7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p m\u1eaft nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 m\u00fai v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 25 – 30 cm, ch\u1ecdn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea7m ng\u1ee7, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1edf g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p. Tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p, ch\u1ecdn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u1ea7m ng\u1ee7, c\u1eaft l\u1ea5y m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p. \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y nilon cu\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i, l\u01b0u \u00fd cu\u1ed1n k\u00edn d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2y gh\u00e9p. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi v\u1ebft m\u1edf tr\u00ean g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau gh\u00e9p 20 – 25 ng\u00e0y tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1edfi d\u00e2y gh\u00e9p. N\u1ebfu m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p c\u00f2n xanh th\u00ec sau 2 – 3 ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con sau khi gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p c\u00e0nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p \u00e1p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, m\u1edf v\u1ebft c\u1eaft c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau, d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 8 – 10 cm, \u00e1p hai v\u1ebft c\u1eaft v\u00e0o nhau v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n k\u00edn l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y nilon, d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p tr\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ch\u1ecdn c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p. Sau gh\u00e9p kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 – 2 th\u00e1ng, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1edfi d\u00e2y gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p. Sau \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 7 – 10 ng\u00e0y, c\u1eaft ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p c\u00e0nh b\u00ean<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p c\u00e0nh b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e2y g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p kh\u00f3 b\u00f3c v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c gh\u00e9p trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 25 – 30 cm, m\u1edf v\u1ebft c\u1eaft t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p m\u1eaft nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 g\u1ed7 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 2 – 3 cm. Tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p, c\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t c\u1eaft t\u1ea1o v\u1ebft c\u1eaft d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1ebft m\u1edf tr\u00ean g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 2 – 3 m\u1ea7m ng\u1ee7. C\u00e0i c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o v\u1ebft m\u1edf c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y nilon cu\u1ed1n k\u00edn l\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1n d\u00e2y nilon t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2y cu\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t khi cu\u1ed1n k\u00edn v\u1ebft c\u1eaft, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed1n d\u00e2y m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2y gh\u00e9p. Sau gh\u00e9p 20 – 25 ng\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1edfi d\u00e2y gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2y l\u1ea7n 1 v\u00e0 sau 1 – 2 ng\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p. Khi c\u00e2y c\u00f3 1 – 2 \u0111\u1ee3t l\u1ed9c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u1eaft ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e0nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 th\u00e2n g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 25 – 30 cm, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p (c\u00f3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u00e1 g\u1ed1c). Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, c\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t c\u1eaft t\u1ea1o v\u1ebft c\u1eaft d\u00e0i 2 – 2,5 cm, c\u00f3 2 – 3 m\u1ea7m ng\u1ee7. Ch\u1ebb m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft tr\u00ean g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1ebft c\u1eaft tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p. C\u00e0i c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p sao cho \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y nilon m\u1ecfng cu\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng d\u00e2y nilon v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n k\u00edn m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t xung quanh c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p, \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2y nilon tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2y t\u1ea1i g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p. Sau gh\u00e9p 15 – 20 ng\u00e0y, m\u1ea7m gh\u00e9p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecdc xuy\u00ean qua d\u00e2y cu\u1ed1n, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con sau khi gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p n\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p n\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o  v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, c\u1eaft b\u1ecf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ecdn c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u1eaft c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc n\u00eam. Ch\u1ebb \u0111\u00f4i g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e0i c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p sao cho ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau. D\u00f9ng d\u00e2y nilon cu\u1ed1n ch\u1eb7t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n k\u00edn c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau khi c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p b\u1eadt l\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 1 – 2 \u0111\u1ee3t l\u1ed9c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1eaft b\u1ecf d\u00e2y gh\u00e9p. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y sau gh\u00e9p nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa r\u1ec5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n v\u1ecf b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u00e2n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n v\u1ecf qua v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p, c\u1eaft t\u1ea1o v\u1ebft c\u1eaft t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1edf v\u1ebft c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p c\u00e0nh b\u00ean nh\u01b0ng d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 3 – 5 cm \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e0nh. Tr\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u00e2y, b\u00f3c v\u1ecf m\u1edf v\u1ebft gh\u00e9p c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi v\u1ebft c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p. C\u00e0i c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o th\u00e2n c\u00e2y v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n k\u00edn l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y nilon. Khi v\u1ebft gh\u00e9p g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1edfi d\u00e2y gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa r\u1ec5, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2y g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p xung quanh g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y c\u1ea7n gh\u00e9p s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, c\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p t\u1ea1o v\u1ebft c\u1eaft t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u00e2n, b\u00f3c v\u1ecf m\u1edf v\u1ebft gh\u00e9p c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi v\u1ebft c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p. C\u00e0i v\u1ebft c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o th\u00e2n c\u00e2y v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n k\u00edn v\u1ebft gh\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y nilon khi v\u1ebft gh\u00e9p g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1edfi d\u00e2y gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1323,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chua-phan-loai","category-kien-thuc-va-kinh-nghiem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/supelamthao.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/supelamthao.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/supelamthao.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/supelamthao.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/supelamthao.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1322"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/supelamthao.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1322\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1324,"href":"https:\/\/supelamthao.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1322\/revisions\/1324"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/supelamthao.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/supelamthao.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/supelamthao.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1322"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/supelamthao.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}